Type of viral hepatitis mode of transmission prevention hepatitis a hav transmitted through contaminated food and water. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances e. The national health profile 2016 identified viral hepatitis to contribute to 3% of all deaths related to. While all these viruses affect the liver, they are spread in different ways and have different treatments. There are five different viruses which can cause five different types of hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver by a virus. Hepatitis c is most commonly spread by exposure to contaminated blood or needles. Injection drug use idu is the primary way of contracting hepatitis c, and people who use substances are at risk for contracting other forms of viral hepatitis. Recovery from an acute infection provides lifelong protection against a future exposure to hav. Researchers have discovered several different viruses that cause hepatitis, including hepatitis a, b, c. The liver, which is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, performs many vital functions. Hepatitis symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness, tiredness, and abdominal pain. Hepatitis d hepatitis d is caused by the hepatitis d virus or delta virus.
Viral diseases viral hepatitis introduction hepatitis literally means inflammation of the liver. The most common hepatitis viruses are types a, b, and c. It is usually spread by eating or drinking something contaminated with the hepatitis a virus. Pdf incidence and types of acute viral hepatitis in. Toxic hepatitis is caused by chemicals, drugs prescription and overthecounter and nutritional supplements.
The hepatitis g virus is an rna virus that is similar to the hepatitis c virus. Symptoms for hepatitis care similar to other types of hepatitis, and like hepatitis b, a blood test is needed for diagnosis. It is spread the same way as hepatitis b, through contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or body fluid see above. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of your liver. Doctors treat hepatitis c with antiviral medicines that attack the virus and can cure the disease in most cases. The most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure.
Symptoms of hepatitis are universal, regardless if caused by an infectious agent or chronic condition, and can include fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice. The virus can survive outside of the body for up to four days. The five types of hepatitis southern nevada health district. Non viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause scarring on the liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure and death. Substance use disorders suds do not cause viral hepatitis, but people can contract or spread some types of viral hepatitis by sharing needles and other. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. Viral hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver. Different types of hepatitis are spread different ways, including having sex, sharing needles, or eating unclean food.
This section focuses on viral hepatitis, infection caused by a group of viruses that primarily affect the liver. The most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. There are at least six different types of hepatitis ag, with the three most common types being hepatitis a, hepatitis b and hepatitis c. To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and symptoms, do a physical exam, and order blood tests. May 09, 2017 hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of your liver. Do not share razors, toothbrushes, or needles practice safe sex. Each of these types of hepatitis is caused by a different virus. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. Most people who get hepatitis b can get rid of the virus on their own. Viral hepatitis symptoms are similar no matter which type of hepatitis you have. Are gay and bisexual men at risk for viral hepatitis.
The severity of symptoms and speed of recovery vary considerably, depending on the particular virus and on the persons response to the infection. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to. Hepatitis b is a serious viral disease of the liver transmitted through parenteral or mucosal exposure to the blood or body fluids semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva of an infected person. Pdf relationship between uveitis, different types of viral. This type wont lead to longterm infection and usually doesnt cause any complications. The main clinical features of the three types of viral hepatitis are similar with the most common features being fatigue, abdominal discomfort, jaundice yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, and loss of appetite. Initially, hbv strains were classified into four sero. Hepatitis a is a vaccinepreventable, acute, selflimited illness characterized by fever, malaise, jaundice, anorexia, and nausea. To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and symptoms, do. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Viral hepatitis is the most common type of liver disease worldwide, including in the united states. Some of the symptoms are similar, but they have different treatments. Overview of acute viral hepatitis liver and gallbladder. Human viruses cause a variety of maladies, depending on the virus type and the tissues infected.
If symptoms occur, you might experience any or all of the following. Strategic information for viral hepatitis tools for countries to collect, manage, analyze and use strategic information for viral hepatitis. Viral diseases 49 hepatitis a does not develop a chronic state although about 15 percent of pa. Hepatitis a is an acute infection and people usually improve without treatment. A superinfection occurs if you already have chronic hepatitis b and then become infected with hepatitis d. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Viral hepatitis is primarily diagnosed through blood tests for levels of viral antigens such as the hepatitis b surface or core antigen, anti viral antibodies such as the anti hepatitis b surface antibody or anti hepatitis a antibody, or viral dnarna. It is transmitted persontoperson through the fecaloral route or through exposure to contaminated food or water. Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by. Viral hepatitis an introduction hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by several very different viruses. The severity of viral illnesses ranges from mild to lethal.
National viral hepatitis action plan for 20172020 action plan uses this knowledge and these tools to prevent new infections, improve the lives of people living with viral hepatitis, and chart a course toward elimination of these public health threats. Mar 19, 2020 the most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. This section contains comprehensive information on key topics related to the work of the who global hepatitis programme. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes, which are seen in chronic hepatitis b infections a type of viral hepatitis, and represent accumulations of viral antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources. A comparison of three types of viral hepatitis keywords. I am proud to say i am at almost a month free of bingeing and purging. Hepatitis a is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis a virus. Infection with any of these three viruses can lead to life. The five common types of hepatitis are caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis.
Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. Other viruses may also cause hepatitis, such as the yellow fever virus and the virus that causes glandular fever. The most common types of hepatitis can be prevented or treated. Hepatitis e hepatitis e is a viral hepatitis liver inflammation caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis e virus hev. Mar 27, 2020 hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. However, it does not seem to cause either acute or chronic hepatitis.
It bears a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis. Like hepatitis b, hepatitis c causes swelling of the liver and can cause liver damage that can lead to cancer. Symptoms of acute viral hepatitis include fatigue, flulike symptoms, dark urine, lightcolored stools, fever, and jaundice. Hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e are all found in the u. Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Viral hepatitis can be spread from person to person. The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses article pdf available in current science 983. Some types of viral hepatitis can be spread through sexual contact. Viral hepatitis is a systemic infection in which virus infects the liver cells, causing biochemical and cellular changes and interfering with.
Aug 18, 2019 hepatitis c is caused by the virus hcv. Cold, flu, stomach and hepatitis viruses are among the most common types of human viruses encountered worldwide. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to the liver goes away in about 2 months a virus that causes sickness to the liver usually goes away after several months if it does not go away, it can cause. Effective treatments for hepatitis c are available but costly. There are five known hepatitis viruses which are categorized by the letters a through e. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are five hepatotropic viral agents table 1. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus and can either be acute lasting less than six months or chronic lasting more than six months. Hepatitis c virus is associated with chronic liver disease and also with primary liver. Its commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. In the united states, viral hepatitis is usually caused by the hepatitis a, b, or c virus.
This digital version of the 20142016 action plan for the prevention, care, and treatment of viral hepatitis originally released in spring 2014 was updated march 2015. Most people who have hepatitis c develop a chronic infection. Almost all cases of acute viral hepatitis are caused by one of five viral agents. Types of viral hepatitis national institute on drug abuse. This virus is unique, because in order to multiply, the hepatitis b virus must also be present. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ. Hepatitis b hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Important forms of hepatitis to be discussed include hepatitis a hav, hepatitis b hbv, hepatitis c hcv. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 3.
The virus is primarily spread when an uninfected and unvaccinated person ingests food or water that is. All humans contract multiple viruses throughout the course of life. Hav, hbv, and hcv are the more common types of viral hepatitis found in the us population 26. Although hepatitis e often causes an acute and selflimiting infection in that it usually goes away by itself and the patient recovers with low mortality rates. Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically selflimiting. Jaundice fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain joint pain dark urine claycolored stool diarrhea hav only likelihood of. All these human hepatitis viruses are rna viruses, except for hepatitis b, which is. There are three major types of hepatitis, and all of them affect your liver. Hepatitis a and hepatitis b can be prevented by vaccination. The abcs of hepatitis fact sheet viral hepatitis home. Acute viral hepatitis can cause anything from a minor flulike illness to fatal liver failure. The hepatitis d virus is unusual because it can only infect you when you also have a hepatitis b virus infection. Viral hepatitis types b and c can cause chronic hepatitis.
In the united states, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. Hepatitis g hepatitis g is the most recently discovered type of viral hepatitis. Infection with this more recently identified virus is common in many countries. Viral hepatitis refers to hepatitis caused by a few specific viruses that primarily attack the liver. While all three types of hepatitis can cause similar symptoms, each virus is spread in different ways. They include hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. The most common cause of hepatitis is infection with a virus. The incubation period of hepatitis b virus ranges from 6 weeks to 6 months, with average of 120 days.
They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments. Both hepatitis b and hepatitis c increase a persons risk for liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses medical microbiology ncbi bookshelf. Relationship between uveitis, different types of viral hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Types of viral hepatitis national institute on drug. There also have been scores of recorded cases of viral hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus. Viral infections of the liver that are classified as hepatitis include hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e. Chronic hepatitis can lead to a liver disease called cirrhosis, and it is also a major cause of liver cancer. Overview of viral hepatitis addressing viral hepatitis in. Substance use disorders suds do not cause viral hepatitis, but people can contract or spread some types of viral hepatitis by sharing needles and other drug paraphernalia. The most common types of viral hepatitis in australia are hepatitis a, b and c. The incidence and types of viral hepatitis in the city of newcastle upon tyne have been studied by serological analysis of a all blood samples sent to the virological laboratory for hepatitis. Hav, hbv, hcv, the hbvassociated delta agent or hepatitis d virus hdv and hev. Overview of viral hepatitis addressing viral hepatitis.
If your doctor tells you that youve got hepatitis, youll need to find out which type hes talking about. Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent hepatitis a. Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory diseased state of the liver caused by various viruses, namely hepatitis a hav, hbv, hcv, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. The condition can be selflimiting or can progress to fibrosis scarring, cirrhosis or liver cancer. Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by any one of a heterogeneous group of hepatotropic viruses. A coinfection occurs when you get both hepatitis d and hepatitis b infections at the same time. These viruses can spread through food, water, infected blood, and bodily fluids.