Oct 04, 2018 loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics are stronger than potassiumsparing diuretics with regard to making the kidneys pass out more fluid. If you take a thiazide diuretic, your potassium level can drop too low hypokalemia, which can cause lifethreatening problems with your heartbeat. Thiazides are historically one of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs. Thiazide diuretics can lower potassium and magnesium blood levels since they are both eliminated in urine. Lasix is a potent diuretic water pill used to eliminate water and salt from the body. In the years since diuretics have been used to treat hypertension, it has been recognized that lower doses than originally used can be effective at providing good blood pressure control, with. The leaflet which comes in the tablet packet provides a full list of possible side.
In contrast, potassiumsparing diuretics also remove salt and water from your body, but leave the potassium. However, they also increase the amount of potassium passed out of the body through the kidneys. Diuretics also called water pills are drugs that increase urine production in the kidneys, promoting the removal of salt and fluid from the body. Older people tend to have more side effects such as fainting and dizziness from dehydration. Different classes of diuretics have different side effect profiles. Some diuretics are sulfa drugs, so they could cause a reaction if youre allergic. High blood pressure can be a contributing factor in the development of various forms of heart disease.
Tell your doctor if you are taking water pills diuretics, high blood pressure medicines, heart medicines, or medicines to treat a fungus. Including uses, types, side effect, and drug interaction. The most important and frequent problem with thiazide and loop diuretics is hypokalemia. Tips for taking diuretic medications harvard health. With the exception of potassiumsparing versions, all diuretics may cause a loss of potassium, which, if left untreated, increases the risk for heart rhythm. You can minimize side effects of furosemide lasix, a powerful diuretic that reduces fluid retention edema in people with heart failure, by following your doctors instructions carefully.
If you take a thiazide diuretic, your potassium level. The international encyclopedia of adverse drug reactions and interactions. Diureticrelated side effects are more common and of a greater intensity with loop diuretics. Among the thiazidetype diuretics, indapamide has been touted by some as distinctive in not causing significant metabolic. Side effects include increased urination and sodium loss. Annual seda is a series of volumes which supplements meylers side effects of drugs. Aug 19, 2019 loop diuretics reduce sodium chloride nacl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle. If he or she prescribes a special diet, such as a lowsodium diet with plenty of potassiumrich fruits and vegetables or, in some cases, a potassium pill. But potassiumsparing diuretics can cause low levels of calcium, which could hurt bone development. Furosemide is a potent diuretic which, if given in excessive amounts, can lead to a profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion. A potentially serious side effect of potassiumsparing diuretics is hyperkalemia.
Other side effects include gout, which results from raised uric acid levels hyperuricaemia table 2, fig. Side effects of diuretics the most common side effect associated with diuretics is an increased elimination of potassium, resulting in a dangerously low level of potassium in the body. Whether these side effects occur and are clinically significant in nonhypertensive patients with recurrent kidney stones treated with thiazides is unclear. Low levels of potassium and magnesium in the blood can result in abnormal heart rhythms. Potassiumsparing diuretics, which include amiloride midamor, spironolactone aldactone, and eplerenone inspra, avoid the potential problem of potassium loss. Changes in electrolyte levels such as potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium levels, depending on the type of diuretic. In the years since diuretics have been used to treat hypertension, it has been recognized that lower doses than originally used can be effective at providing good blood pressure control, with consequently fewer side effects. Diuretics are used to treat high blood pressure, edema excess fluid in the tissues, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, water. Diuretics arent recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Xerostomia is one of the commonly mentioned side effects of diuretic medications.
Thiazide diuretics water pills are medications that are used to treat high blood pressure hypertension and reduce fluid accumulation in the body. Other side effects and drug interactions are list below. However, there is scant information about how they affect the risk of skin cancers. Side effects of thiazides that are different from lasix include lightheadedness, blurred vision, loss of appetite, itching, stomach upset, headache, weakness, increased urination, and sexual dysfunction. Sep 05, 2019 these diuretics have the potential to lower your potassium levels. A diuretic, a type of drug also known as water pills, helps rid the body of extra water and lower blood pressure. Diuretics act by enhancing urinary output thereby reducing the volume of circulatory fluid and reduce the work load of heart and kidney. They work by reducing the ability of the kidneys to reabsorb salt and water from the urine and into the body thereby increasing the production and output of urine diuresis. Depending on the class, diuretics act on different renal structures and lead to varying changes in the volume and composition of urine as well as electrolyte balance. Potassiumsparing diuretics are often combined with either a loop diuretic or a thiazide diuretic.
Thiaziderelated side effects are somewhat more common with longeracting compounds, such as chlorthalidone and metolazone. The high efficacy of loop diuretics is due to the unique site of action involving the loop of henle a portion of the renal tubule in the kidneys. Diuretics are used to treat high blood pressure, edema excess fluid in the tissues, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, water poisoning, and certain kidney diseases. It is used in patients hypersensitive to sulpha drugs. Potassiumsparing diuretics information, uses and side effects.
Diuretics 3 side effects loop diuretics act on the loop of henle in the kidney and prevent reabsorption of water and salt. The most common side effect of diuretics is increased urination. Side effects are uncommon, as the dose needed to lower blood pressure is low. Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly used thiazide diuretic in the united. Although this helps the heart to function better as it has lesser volume of blood to pump, there are certain side effects that an. Tl diuretics such as chlorthalidone have a longer elimination halflife compared with tt diuretics resulting in better 24hour bp reduction, especially during the night. Diureticrelated side effects can be separated into several categories, including those with well workedout mechanisms such as electrolyte defects andor. Thiazide diuretics are the cornerstone of treatment of hypertension in most patients.
Loop diuretics mechanism of action and adverse effects. This lesson will provide a brief overview of the mechanism of action of loop diuretics. This is achieved by inhibiting the nak2cl carrier in the luminal. They possess a wide side effect profile, ranging from subjective effects and idiosyncratic. Although this helps the heart to function better as it has lesser volume of blood to pump, there are certain side effects that an individual taking them may experience. Diuretics have been used in the treatment of hypertension for many years. Depending on the class, diuretics act on different renal structures and lead to varying changes in the volume and. A potential side effect of this activity is that they may cause electrolyte imbalances. The leaflet which comes in the tablet packet provides a full list of possible side effects.
This sometimes requires treatment with potassium supplements or with a potassiumsparing diuretic. Sideeffects are uncommon, as the dose needed to lower blood pressure is low. It will also discuss examples of loop diuretics and side effects of these medications. Journal of gerontological nursing there is increasing concern about possible or potential side effects of diuretics, particularly in the elderly. Some of these effects can be used to treat disorders like hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia or hyperaldosteronism. Side effects vary depending on the type of diuretic taken. Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics are stronger than potassiumsparing diuretics with regard to making the kidneys pass out more fluid. Thiazide diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone, are considered firstline therapy for stage 1 hypertension. Therefore, careful medical supervision is required and dose and dosage interval must be adjusted to the individual patients needs. Common side effects of diuretics used in acute decompensated heart failure. May 05, 2019 renal side effects including new or worsened renal insufficiency may occur due to hctzinduced intravascular volume depletion. Diuretics, also known as water pills, belong to a class of medications that remove excess salt and water from the body. May 15, 2018 side effects vary depending on the type of diuretic taken. Effect of diuretics on salivary flow, composition and oral.
They are often used to treat hypertension, or high blood pressure. Common side effects of the thiazide and thiazidelike diuretics include nausea, dizziness, headache, polyuria, dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypomagnesia. Dm is a 62 year old africanamerican man who has had poorly controlled hypertension for the past 10 years, and now presents with signs of ankle edema, a low gfr and a serum creatinine of 2. Potassiumsparing diuretics information, uses and side. Faqs information on diuretic drugs and the diseases and conditions they are prescribed for. Morphological effects of diuretics, of bartter syndrome, and of ncc knockout on kidney tissue. With the advent of chlorthiazide in 1958, thiazide diuretics quickly became a key component in the management of hypertension. If potassium levels become too high, it can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems and even cardiac arrest. The types of side effects caused by a diuretic depends on the drugs mechanism of action. Xerostomia is one of the commonly mentioned sideeffects of diuretic. Thiaziderelated side effects are somewhat more common with longeracting compounds, such as chlortha. Thiazide diuretics uses, list, thiazide mechanism of.
When taken as prescribed, diuretics are generally well tolerated. Diuretics help the body to lose excess amount of water. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. This is achieved by inhibiting the nak2cl carrier in the luminal membrane in this segment, thereby minimizing the entry of luminal sodium and chloride into the cell figure 1 1. These diuretics have the potential to lower your potassium levels. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Effects of thiazidetype and thiazidelike diuretics on. Diuretics knowledge for medical students and physicians. Thiazide diuretics have many therapeutic uses that are summarized below. Unfortunately, potassiumsparing diuretics are more likely to cause negative side effects.
While renal side effects are common in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus, immune complex glomerulonephritis is rare in druginduced lupus. Combination of different diuretics may be necessary and can be of use to reduce the side effects of one drug or to increase the effect, especially in patients with severe symptoms and respiratory compromise or in those with suspected or confirmed loop diuretic resistance 7. Your potassium, glucose, and cholesterol levels may fluctuate depending on the type of diuretic youre taking. Structure of the loop diuretics furosemide, azosemide, bumetanide, piretanide, torasemide, ethacrynic acid and etozolin by neurotiker. Diuretics are a group of drugs that induce increased production of urine. Where indicated, the mechanistic basis and treatment of such side effects is further discussed.
Rare cases of interstitial nephritis have been associated with hctz. Common side effects of diuretics most frequently used in adhf are summarized in. The effects of thiazides on kidney structure reported by reungjui et al 3 are similar to effects of thiazide treatment on dct segments described previously by loffing et al. Adverse reactions to diuretics oxford academic journals. So, it is important to read that leaflet if you are prescribed a thiazide diuretic.